Classification of insulating materials by morphology
Aug 31, 2022
1. Liquid insulating material
Liquid insulating materials are used to isolate liquids with different potential conductors, also known as insulating oils. It mainly replaces gas and fills the gap between solid materials or electrodes to improve their dielectric properties and improve the heat dissipation capacity of equipment. For example, in oil impregnated paper insulated power cables, it not only significantly improves the insulation performance, but also enhances the heat dissipation effect: improve the dielectric property of capacitors, and increase the energy storage per unit volume; In addition to insulation function, it mainly plays an arc extinguishing role in the switch. Common liquid insulating materials mainly include mineral insulating oil and synthetic insulating oil (silicone oil, dodecylbenzene, polyisobutylene, diarylethane, etc.).
2. Gas insulating materials
Gas insulating materials are used to isolate the gas of different potential conductors. Common gas insulation materials include air, nitrogen, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, sulfur hexafluoride, etc. Among them, air is the most widely used gas insulating material. For example, air insulation is applied between overhead conductors of AC and DC transmission lines and between overhead conductors and the ground.
3. Solid insulating materials
A solid insulating material is a solid used to insulate conductors of different potentials. Generally, solid insulating materials are also required to have supporting functions. Solid insulating materials can be divided into organic insulating materials and inorganic insulating materials.
(1) Inorganic insulating material. Inorganic insulating materials mainly include mica, mica powder, mica products, glass, glass fiber and its products, electric porcelain and aluminum oxide film, etc. they are mainly used for winding insulation of motors and electrical appliances, base plates and insulators of switches, etc.
(2) Organic insulating material. Organic insulating materials include insulating paint, insulating paper, insulating glue, insulating fiber products, plastics, rubber, paint cloth and pipe, insulating impregnated fiber products, electrical films and adhesive tapes.
